Norma Rea essays

Norma Rea papers Norma Rae was seen from numerous points of view by individuals. Before all else Norma's characteristics were not the same as those toward the end. Norma Rae improves and it is. One of Norma's awful characteristics is that she is reliant on men. Concerning seen with George. He treats he like a tool and, gives her no regard. He is exceptionally damaging towards her, similar to when they were in the lodging and he smacked her over the face. Her dad regards her as a young lady. He is consistently in her business, he is continually needing to know where she is going, when she is getting back home and who she is seeing. Norma has some great characteristics; she is a diligent employee. She works at a material manufacturing plant for a long time and afterward she returns home and cleans and deals with the house. She is additionally a candid ladies. On the off chance that she doesn't care for a person or thing they state, she tells them how she feels about it. Her manager is a significant yank. He couldn't care less about their wellbeing or sentiments. To give a model, when her and mother went to him since her mom couldn't hear, he was not intrigued, and he simply g ot over them. Norma is a tough lady, however individuals simply exploit her. Changes. Norma Rae unquestionably experienced numerous changes. Ruben I believe was her first change. Ruben was the youngster from the association. I think she made her first change when he advised her your unreasonably brilliant for what's happing to you. I accept this is the point at which she gave her self more regard. Ruben got her to likewise join the association. She than begins getting hand-off engaged with it and during this she meets a man named sonny. Sonny and her become exceptionally close and begin to look all starry eyed at and wind up defacing. She convinces her other associates to likewise join the association. One day her dad kicks the bucket. This was a significant change in Normas life. She adored her dad truly. On the off chance that things couldn't beat that, she is terminated from her activity. Norma was insulted by this, and created an uproar. She remained on a machine and held ... <!

Invisible Man By Ellison Essays - Puppetry, Invisible Man, Dolls

Undetectable Man By Ellison Life on the Strings Dolls. We are encircled by dolls. G. I. Joe, Barbie, Polly Pocket, and WWF activity figures. Preceding our plasticene companions we had paper dolls, puppets, and carefully included porcelain dolls. We are abnormally entranced by these chilly, inert items that look so much such as ourselves. Kids grip them and make expand scenes, while grown-ups are substance to essentially gather, permitting them to sit, still on a rack, gazing coolly back at their live partners. Which carries us to and intriguing point, are individuals essentially dolls for others to play with or gather? One could make the arguement that we are on the whole Tod Cliftons', destined to move by undetectable strings while wearing a veil of independence. Be that as it may, not at all like Tod Clifton, a large portion of us won't understand that who pulls the string, isn't ourselves. Ralph Ellison's novel, The Invisible Man is loaded with pictures of dolls as though to continually reminded the peruser that nobody is in finished control of themselves. Our first case of doll symbolism comes right off the bat in the novel with the Battle Royal scene. The bare, blonde lady is depicted as having hair that was yellow like that of a bazaar kewpie doll (19). Ellison draws a solid association between the predicament of the Negro man and the white lady. The reality that they are both appeared as manikins or dolls in the work is no occurrence. The lady and the African are simply show pieces for the white men in the novel. Tod Clifton's moving Sambo dolls are the most striking case of doll symbolism. This little tissue paper doll has the ability to totally change the Imperceptible Man. At the point when he sees that the incredible and baffling Clifton is the one peddling the detestable dolls, the storyteller is so loaded up with embarrassment and rage that he spits upon the moving figure. In any case, would could it be that has caused this flooding of rage? It is Tod Clifton and not simply the storyteller who has corrupted to such a base level. Be that as it may, it is our storyteller's abrupt perception of his own circumstance that causes his fierceness. The line For a second our eyes met what's more, he gave me a derisive grin (433) delineates this snapshot of acknowledgment for our storyteller. It shows the peruser that Tod Clifton knew about his situation as a manikin from the start and decides to illuminate the storyteller at this specific point in the novel. The Invisible Man perceives that for his entire life he's been a slave and a manikin to other people. Regardless of whether those others were Bledsoe, his granddad, or the fraternity is insignificant, however there has consistently been and vague string connected to him overseeing all that he does. Not just a string however his own physical attributes reverberation those of the odd Sambo dolls. It's cardboard hands were grasped into clench hands. The fingers illustrated in orange paint, and I saw that it had two faces, one on either side of the plates of cardboard, and both smiling. (446) Hands multiplied into clench hands? This is the fellowship message more or less, Strong, prepared to battle for what one as far as anyone knows puts stock in. However, simultaneously these clench hands are controlled solely by the one holding the strings. Furthermore, the dark Sambo manikin willfully ignorant that he is simply a toy. He grins to the group and back to the puppeteer. It is the smile on the essence of this doll at first rankles the Invisible Man. Yet, why? Recollecting the very beginning of the novel we have the Grandfather's withering words to our storyteller, ...overcome them with yesses, sabotage them with smiles, concur them to death and destruction... (16). It would appear just as the Grandfather and Tod Clifton are allied with each other as the two of them have a firm handle on what power men have over men. We get an incredible and upsetting picture of this very thought when the Invisible Man is in the manufacturing plant medical clinic after the blast. It is a scene that appears to blur into the mess of disarray that goes with this piece of the novel, however it is in any case significant. As the storyteller lies in his glass encased box with wires and terminals connected all over his body, he is exposed to stun treatment. See, he's moving, somebody called. No, truly? ... They truly have beat, isn't that right? Get hot, kid! Get hot! it said with a snicker. (237) This picture is very nearly an ideal match with that

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading March 29, 2018

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading March 29, 2018 In this regular feature, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Your TBR list is about to get some new additions. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Jamie Canaves A Necessary Evil (Sam Wyndham #2) by Abir Mukherjee: I loved A Rising Man which introduced Sam Wyndham: a former Scotland Yard detective now working as a Captain in British ruled Calcutta (1919). Since finishing the first in the series I’ve been anticipating the sequel and so far there’s more of Sergeant Banerjee which is all I was hoping for! (egalley) Grace Lapointe Mudbound by Hillary Jordan: I recently watched the Netflix movie and loved the story, performances, characters, and themes. (paperback) Claire Handscombe I Love You Too Much by Alicia Drake: my publicist friend at Little, Brown sent this Paris-set book to me ages ago and it sounded right up my streetâ€"a short melancholic novel by a British author who lived in France for a long time, which feels, in a charming way, almost like a translation. Really like it so far. (ARC) Liberty Hardy Temper by Nicky Drayden (Harper Voyager, August 7): By the author of the bananapants novel Prey of the Godsâ€"how could I not read this??? This one is promising to be a blend of scifi, horror, magic, and dark humor. My body is ready. (egalley) Rebecca Hussey Feel Free by Zadie Smith: I am loving these essays. Smith is a master of the essay form. These pieces are wide-ranging, smart, and worth lingering over. I’m reading a library copy, but I’m going to buy this to have it on my shelves. (library hardcover) Katherine Marciniak The Ghost Engine by Theresa Fuller: I got to beta read this book a while ago and now it’s out for real! (paperback) Tiffani Willis Royally Screwed by Emma Chase: I am so excited to start this trilogy! I can’t resist a royal love story. Anthony Karcz Infinity by Various: Im rereading the entire collected crossover saga on Marvel Unlimited. I thought it was because I wanted to prepare myself for the upcoming Infinity War movie, but apparently its because Im a masochist. Erin McCoy Heart of Steel by Meljean Brook: I have taken a deep dive into the world of steampunk romances lately and if one thing is certain, it’s a good place to be! On my journey through steampunk romancelandia there is no book that I’ve encountered thus far that I like more than Heart of Steel. Yasmeen and Archimedes are completely delightful together and Brook’s writing coupled with Faye Adele’s narration is pretty close to perfection. (audiobook) S.W. Sondheimer Exo by Fonda Lee: I enjoyed Lee’s newest “adult” novel, Jade City, quite a bit so I decided to delve into her back catalog. Exo is one of her YA books, set after the alien conquest of Earth and during the revolution that follows. I have great expectations; after hearing her speak on several panels at ECCC, I can assure you this lady knows how to write a revolution. Susie Dumond Cork Dork by Bianca Bosker: My dad recommended this to me in preparation for an upcoming trip to California wine country. Bosker is a journalist and wine enthusiast who delved into the world of sommeliers and other wine professionals to learn more about what makes wine so unique. I’m always looking for ways to be a more educated wine drinker! (paperback) Elizabeth Allen I’ll Be Gone in the Dark: One Woman’s Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer by Michelle McNamara: In 2016, Michelle McNamara died unexpectedly at the age of 46. She had a long career as a crime writer and creator of the successful blog True Crime Diary and was in the midst of writing what would come to be her final true crime account. Her husband, actor and comedian Patton Oswalt, has said that he suspected the long nights, insomnia, and anxiety as a result of writing this book caused her to take the lethal combination of Xanax, fentanyl, and Adderall that led to her untimely death. As Oswalt learned to be a widower and a single parent, he also made sure that his beloved wife’s life’s work would not be lost to time. And I’m glad it wasn’t. Her tale of the history of the Golden State Killer is a master class in research and a dogged obsession with something most people find distasteful (something I completely relate to). Not only is she an excellent narrative writer , but her details are impeccable. If you are interested in true crime, I suggest you pick up this book immediately. (audiobook) Katie McLain My Favorite Thing is Monsters by Emil Ferris: I started reading this graphic novel for an episode of Read or Dead, and I’m in the last half now because it is first of all an ENORMOUS book, but it is also gorgeous and dark and haunting and whimsical and Emil Ferris’s cross-hatched illustrations are so detailed and mesmerizing! I love the way the story feels like it was composed in a giant notebook, and as a bonus, every time I have to turn the book sideways to see something, I get in a mini arm workout! (paperback graphic novel) Christina Vortia Halsey Street by Naima Coster: I was very excited that this book was voted on as The Blerd Book Club book of the month. This book has been on my to read list, so I’m very happy to have moved it up my to read list. (audio CD) Adiba Jaigirdar Ayesha At Last by Uzma Jalaluddin: When I first heard of this book it was described as a Pride and Prejudice reboot with Muslim and South Asian protagonists. Obviously, I was totally hooked. But so far Ayesha At Last is so much more than a Pride and Prejudice reboot. It takes on its own identity that, while sometimes borrowing from the classic book, is totally its own! It also has such varied perspectives on Islam and being a Muslim, along with arranged marriages. Plus, both the protagonistsâ€"Ayesha and Khalidâ€"are lovable, relatable, and infuriating in their own way. (egalley) Heather Bottoms Neverwhere by Neil Gaiman: I am a bit late in life getting introduced to fantasy novels, but I am trying to stretch a bit and enjoy new genres. It seems crazy that I’ve never read a Neil Gaiman book. Several friends suggested that Neverwhere is a great place to start. So I checked out the audiobook from my local library and am about halfway through. It is just a rollicking good time and I am enjoying it tremendously. I’m not usually a fan of fiction authors narrating their own books, but he does a marvelous job on this one. Looking forward to seeing how it ends! (audiobook) Rachel Brittain The Belles by Dhonielle Clayton: I’ve been in a bit of a reading slump the past few weeks, so I knew I needed something really great to pull me out. As soon as I saw that my library had this book on Hoopla I knew I had to read it. I’ve heard a lot of good things (and seen it showing up all over Book Riot), so I’m really hoping this book will be exactly what I need to get back into my reading groove. (library ebook) Christina Orlando Boy, Snow, Bird by Helen Oyeyemi: I love Oyeyemi’s other work (What Is Not Yours Is Not Yours is a masterpiece) and so I’m finally getting around to reading Boy, Snow, Bird. Anything written by her feels like a masterclass in craft and so I’m soaking in the complexities of the story. This novel follows protagonist Boy Novak as she deals with issues of race, family, and finding herself. So far it’s incredible. Alison Doherty Throne of Glass by Sarah J. Maas: I am a big A Court of Thorns and Roses fan (team Rhys forever!!!) so it’s surprising that it’s taken me so long to pick up Maas’s first series, especially because it’s beloved by so many friends. This story featuring a teenage assassin trying to win her freedom in a royal killing competition is compulsively readable. With short chapters, loads of action, and so much romantic angst, I’m having to remind myself to put it down so I can enjoy my spring break vacation. Katisha Smith Kirsten and Ally (Part 1 of 2) by Shelby Lamb: The author submitted a review request, and I happily accepted. I am almost finished with the book, and it seems like a setup of all the main characters. I think all of the real action will occur in the second book. What I am enjoying most are the different points of view and the unique layout and format of the book. (ebook) Margaret Kingsbury     The Hazel Wood by Melissa Albert: It seems like everyone is talking about this book, and it’s exactly the kind of book I gravitate towardâ€"fairy tales, a story within a story, a creepy forest. The synopsis kind of reminds me of Holly Black’s books (which I love). (library ebook) Laura Sackton The Sparsholt Affair by Alan Hollinghurst: A multigenerational epic beginning with the friendship of two young men at Oxford in the 1940s and spanning several decades into the present day? Sign me up. I live for books like this. I also loved The Line of Beauty, so I put this one on hold as soon as I heard about it. (library hardcover) Priya Sridhar Creativity, Inc. by Ed Catmull: I’m reading this book to reconcile my disappointment at Pixar, Inc, with my admiration for its dedication to story. Kindle also had a good deal on it. For all the contentions with how the company has handled John Lasseter’s misdeeds, Pixar raised the bar for animation and heart. (Kindle ebook) Patricia Elzie-Tuttle Tough Mothers by Jason Porath: This is the newest book from the author of Rejected Princesses, a book I absolutely love. I met him at a party and he bestowed me with an advanced copy of Tough Mothers and I’ve been happy to dive right in. Loving it so far. (hardcover) Derek Attig State Tectonics  by Malka Older: The first book in this series (Infomocracy) was my pick for the best book of 2016, and the second (Null States) was just as awesome. So of course I leapt at the chance to read State Tectonics, the series conclusion out in September from Tor. And so far it’s really damn delightful. Older’s ideas still crackle with electricity as she spins out a future for democracy that only gets more fascinatingâ€"and tantalizingâ€"as time goes on. Alysia Stevenson Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi: Yaa’s debut novel came out in 2016 and I feel like a dope for not discovering it sooner. It tells the stories of the descendants of two half-sisters from Ghana in the 18th century. Neither knows that the other exists; one sister stays in Ghana while the other is kidnapped and sold into slavery. Each chapter follows a different descendent leading up to the 1990s. It’s such a beautiful novel and I can’t wait to read more for Gyasi. My brother suggested the book to me after seeing a picture of Alicia Keys reading it on a plane. And boy am I glad he did. Emily Polson     Born a Crime by Trevor Noah: This book came recommended by numerous Rioters, and as I already like Trevor Noah from the Daily Show, I dutifully waited out my time on the library holds list. It’s both a hilarious memoir and an introduction to South African culture during and after apartheid. I’m learning (and laughing) a lot. (library hardcover)

The Pros and Cons of Online High School Programs

Should you consider earning your high school diploma online? Moving from a traditional high school to an online high school can be a big transition for any student, whether they are a teenager or a returning adult. Take a look at a few of the pros and cons before making your decision. The Benefits of Earning a High School Diploma Online Work at your own pace: With online high school courses, you can work at your own pace. You can take extra time when you need it to understand the material or speed through courses that are easy.Flexible schedule: You have greater flexibility in your schedule and can arrange your classes around work and other responsibilities. If you work part-time or full-time or have child care responsibilities, you can arrange your coursework accordingly.Avoiding social distractions: It’s easier to avoid the distractions (peers, parties, cliques) of regular school and focus on getting work done. If youve had trouble focusing on your studies instead of the social life at school, this is a benefit of taking courses online.Be yourself: Many students see taking courses online as a way to develop their own identity, apart from the social pressures of traditional schools.Avoid a negative environment: You won’t have to put up with the â€Å"bad influences,† cliques, gangs, or bullies found at a traditional high school.Specialization: You may be able to specialize in learning subjects that are interesting to you. The different options available online may be wider than those offered at your local high school.Get a diploma faster: Some students are able to earn their diploma early (a few even finish twice as fast as traditional students). The Disadvantages of Earning a High School Diploma Online Lack of social events: Most online programs don’t have the fun elements of traditional high schools such as prom, senior day, graduation, weird hair day, etc.No immediate teacher access: Some subjects (such as writing and math) may be hard to master without a teacher present. A student doesnt have immediate access to the instructor to get additional help and clarification of principles. It becomes easier to fall behind.Less motivation to complete work: Many people find it challenging to focus on completing work when there isn’t an actual teacher there to encourage them on a daily basis. They need human interaction to overcome procrastination.Social isolation: Some students become isolated or anti-social. While you may prefer to work solo online, you are missing out on the important lessons of learning to work with others. In a traditional school, they would have to step out of their comfort zone and learn how to interact with others.Non-accredited schools: If your onlin e school is not accredited, your transcripts probably won’t be accepted by businesses and universities.Cost: Unless you find an accredited charter school or use a free online program, you can expect to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars on tuition, the curriculum, and computer equipment.

Key Concepts That Have Impacted The Results Of The Civil...

There are three key concepts that have impacted the results of the Civil Rights Movement. The Enumerated, Implied, and Reserved powers were created to help keep the two separate governments in balance. The Enumerated powers gave the government the right to coin money, declare war, etc. The Implied powers gave the government the right to create laws that they feel are necessary to carry out the laws that already exist. The Reserved powers were specifically assigned to the state government, and their role is to trade within the state and construct elections. The way the Constitution was written gave any matter dealing with civil rights to the state government, but soon that was handed over to the federal government. The Plessy v, Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education was what the back people needed to set the Civil Rights Movement into motion and to end discrimination. Affirmative Action was set into place to help end discrimination in the workplace and in schools. There are many ac tions that led up to the Civil Rights Movement, but the separation of powers, the Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education, and Affirmative Action is really what impacted civil rights the most. A coalition was formed in hopes that all the colonies could work together without any problems. Their idea of a government was reported in a document, which was named the Articles of Confederation. The way that this document was written gave the State most of the power, while the NationalShow MoreRelatedMass Production Affects Conflicts With Society, Business And International Affairs907 Words   |  4 Pagespositive or negative impacts on these areas depending on the end result of the sales of the items in question. I believe that this can lead to the outcome going either way causing a ripple effect and ultimately bringing a positive or negative impact on these areas depending on several factors such as marketing, sales, etc. During the Industrial Revolution, the role of government was to keep the peace (or fight wars), maintain civil order and enforce law. By the progressive era, government in additionRead MoreA Vindication Of The Rights Of Women1350 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in London played a vital role in setting the foundation for the future of women’s rights in Western Civilization. Not only were barriers broken within London, but they became very influential to the future of the liberation movement for women. Interestingly enough, they are believed to be one of the erectors of modern day feminism. Mary Wollstonecraft was an ebullient advocate for women’s rights during the Enlightenment. During this time period, Wollstonecraft taught a new philosophy regardingRead MoreEssay on Environmental Racism1450 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism is rarely considered. Thi s form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for our nation’s waste disposal, as well as home to agricultural and/or manufacturingRead MoreThe Emergence of Yellow Power2159 Words   |  9 PagesThe common perspective of the civil rights movement is often seen from one angle: and that is the African American civil rights movement towards racial equality. And though this movement had significant historical context in American history, the pursuits of other minorities such as the Asian American civil rights movement are often undermined and overlooked. Yet, the Asian American movement surpassed the efforts of the African American movement despite the social and cultural obstacles faced withRead MoreEssay Question: Assess the Extent That Malcolm X Achieved His Goals in The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the Legacy Malcolm X Left Behind)2298 Words   |  10 Pagesin The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the legacy Malcolm X left behind) Malcolm X aspired for justice and liberalisation for all African-American people during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He was a dynamic spokesperson and used religious concepts from the Nation of Islam to appeal to many African-Americans. Malcolm X was an activist for Black Nationalism and separation as solutions to the scourge of white racism. He preached against many teaching of other Civil Rights activistsRead MoreRole of Government in Training Development and Lifelong Learning1930 Words   |  8 Pagesfunding various apprenticeship programmes which have been formulated to help the apprentices get top quality training, develop their skills and gain worthy qualifications while on the job. These programmes have given many a chance to succeed in their career by getting qualifications that are recognized nationally while at the same time earning a wage(Griffin, 2001). The government has over the years increased the number of apprenticeships which have helped curb the problem of unem ployment greatlyRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesCompare and contrast the motives of the their founders, religious and social orientation, economic pursuits, and political developments of TWO of the early colonial settlement areas: a. South b. Middle c. New England (30 pts) 2. Some historians have argued the Puritanism was especially suited for life in the wilderness of 17th century America. Do you agree or disagree? Explain (10pts) 3. To what extent had the Massachusetts Bay colonists endorsed the idea of the â€Å"separation of church and stateRead MoreTruman s Speech : The Truman Doctrine1719 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"containment doctrine† announced its efforts to support Greece and Turkey to the tune of â€Å"$400,000,000† (Merrill, 222) in economic aid and military assistance, which the latter did not eventually transpire. The plea was made amid Greece’s civil war (1946-49), where as a result of World War II the â€Å"Germans had destroyed virtually all the railways, roads, port facilities, communications, and merchant marine†¦[left] Eighty-five per cent of the children [as] tubercular. Livestock†¦had almost disappeared†¦[where]Read MoreAngola and Portuguese Colonization3006 Words   |  12 Pagesits power in running the country of Angola; hence independency was gained (Marcum, 1976). This then meant that the citizens of the country were able to run their country as a unity through the governance system of democracy, enabling all citizens to ha ve some sort of involvement in activities that are implemented in their country, ensuring that all citizens are satisfied with the activities that occur within their country. Introduction In the context of the essay, this paper seeks to discuss withRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Desirable Global Development3418 Words   |  14 Pageswith Human Rights –in the form of rights-based development, it’s appropriate to consider the degree to which global development has historically impacted on the understanding of rights and the ongoing impacts of that today. This paper will consider to what extent implantation of the rapidly popular rights-based development model promises to actually produce positive change, given how the process of global development and the conception of human rights (as shaped by certain key players) have successively

My Identity Free Essays

Human identification comprises several aspects in life that clearly defines who he or she is and distinguishes him from the rest of other human beings. Individuals may be defined through their characters, personality and the physical appearance. In identifying someone, the first descriptive aspects are the physical appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on My Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identity can also be related on how one looks like, or the resemblance of the individual in comparison to another human being. My identity may differ from the identity of my colleague but to some extent some factors in my definition may resemble that of my colleague. The most distinguishing part is gender. Irrespective of the exceptions, dwelling on the assumptions, one can only be either a man or a woman. This of course is the most outstanding grouping when it comes to identifying people. In my case, I resemble other men because I am a man. This sounds awkward but male is a male in the sense hat he has male features as opposed to female features, still on physical appearance, I do resemble several people when it comes to the height and the size of my body. Being a tall person, my height can be compared with several people and through comparative method I find that I do resemble majority of tall individuals. In identifying myself I have to clearly understand who I am and how I look like and in most cases I find that I have to compare myself with another individual or sometimes several individuals. After considering my physical appearance I clearly analyzed myself and either through assumption or fabrication, I find that the physical features can be compared with another person. This therefore leads to a temporal conclusion that one resembles another person in one way or another. Personality is defined by the characters of a person and the way of handling matters. Through the way someone behaves and considering a collective form of behaviors it is therefore possible to identify someone and in most cases it’s concluded that this person behaves like the other who exhibits the same behavior. Being an attentive person and slow in reacting to suspicious issues I was able to identify another individual who have the same qualities or behavior which I consider to be similar to mine. In that way I can make a partial conclusion that personality actually defines who a person is and it can only be understood clearly when related to the person’s characteristics. Several factors contribute to the shaping of one’s personality. From the scientific point of view, genetic heredity has featured a lot in determining the characters through genes manipulation which is explained better in scientific research. The defined characters will then be possessed throughout the development of a human being. Behaviors are acquired through continuous repetition of actions which can also contribute to the characteristics. Naturally, it is difficult to find normal human beings with exactly similar personality but it has been found that sometimes people can have several characteristics which resemble. In such a case it’s concluded that one individual resembles the other characteristics but it’s not said that one person has turned to be another identity. In my consideration it’s difficult to find a person who has a personality resembling mine, but in actual sense I find that it would be possible to consider several individuals who would each have one or several characteristic that resembles mine. Cultural background is another area which influences the personality and the behavior of a person. It is always considered that culture is a major contributing factor in the growth of a human being. Through cultural background developing children have a lot of lessons to learn. It is easy for individuals to be defined who they are depending on their cultural background. An individual who has spent the whole of his/her life in a busy city and urban centers can easily be distinguished from the person living in a less developed area. In this context it can be argued that society under which we live has also a part to play in person identity in the sense that people tend to influence one another in different aspects in the society which develops the social behaviors depending on the kind of society one is involved in. Now considering all the aspects that uniquely defines and identifies a person it’s clear and possible for one to identify himself or herself in different ways. In my case I have different personalities. I have mostly derived this from the different situations and circumstances in which I find myself in. during the good moments I have the capability of having a good relationship with my friends especially when we are involved in common activities and goals. In such situations I am calm and ready to listen to their contributions. I sometimes find myself going an extra mile to ensure that I satisfy them. Emotionally, in such circumstances I accommodate and tolerate their behavior unconditionally with the understanding of the meaning of morals and virtues in life. All this characters combined with my psychological reasoning I can clearly identify myself as a reliable and considerate person. This I considered to be a piece of my personality or self. Alternatively during the unhappy or sad moments, I do consider myself as a different person following the way I react to the situation. It’s in such circumstances that I can clearly understand that someone can virtually exist in more than one personality According to (Abramson, L. Teasdale, J. 1978) Personality and human behavior has a relationship in that human behavior contributes to the characteristic that defines the personality depending on the different situations. That means through the influence of the circumstances personality might change. I consider this one since I realize the other personality I have is during my sad moment. Whether naturally or not during such situation I find that my character is totally different which I feel psychological a changed person. I believe that in such circumstances it is easy for other people to realize and see a different person other than they know. My change of behavior makes me feel that I have another self. for example, in such situations I feel that I want to stay alone and I find myself avoiding the company of my partners my emotions goes down and I feel psychological dizziness which end up rendering me inactive. Difficult in solving simple problems is common and the feelings of demotivation occupy my brain. Sometimes I would find myself being physically affected and loss of appetite is also very common. The approach towards my duties would also be fully affected and the learning becomes a bother. During this time I avoid a lot of activities since it would be easy to mess up. In particular, I would find myself criticizing and concentrating on my failures. In combining all these drastic character change I find that this is totally different person in me. I believe that each and every individual has a conclusive analysis he or she makes in realization that it’s impossible to identify yourself as the same identity throughout. Works cited Abramson, L. Teasdale,J. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. Â   How to cite My Identity, Essay examples

Clinical Decision Making Promoting Health in Extended Care

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Decision Making for Promoting Health in Extended Care. Answer: Introduction: Clinical reasoning can be alternatively called as clinical conclusion, trouble shooting, decision making and critical thinking. Clinical reasoning is a way of thinking of clinicians and nurses in the management of patients. In clinical reasoning two very important points to be considered are clinical conclusion to identify exact problem of the patient and clinical decision making to give appropriate treatment to the patient. In this case application of clinical reasoning by the nurses in two priority areas like impact on ADL performance and increased fall and injury risk in Johann Silvermann are discussed (Thompson and Dowding, 2002; Elstein and Bordage 1991; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Impact on ADL performance: First care priority identified was potential impact on ADL performance. Johann Silvermann has tremors in hands. This leads to the disturbance in performing day to day activities like cooking, tea making, doing buttons of shirt and shoe laces. This is common in elderly patients and moreover is suffered with Parkinson's disease which is also responsible for the tremors. In this situation there are both the possibilities like negative and positive functional consequences. In negative, he can get affected psychologically due to inability to do work and on positive side, he can become determined to perform the tasks with all odds (Kozak-Campbell and Hughes, 1996). In this scenario action taken by the purposeful intervention by the nurse can definitely help Johann to boost physically and psychologically to improve his performance (Tanner, 2006; Dalton et al., 2015; Levett-Jones et al., 2010; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Nurse should keep in mind that Johann is staying alone and moreover, he is not willing to stay with his brother. He is not financially sound to keep an assistant for his help for daily activities. Nurse should know about Johanns disease and routine activities. This information should be collected from the observation and discussion with him. Nurse should know what are the difficulties and since how long he is facing difficulties in doing daily activities. Nurse also should know about, the way he wishs to have assistance in doing his daily activities. So that he should feel more comfortable during nursing care. While helping him in his daily activities nurse should make sure that he should not feel completely dependent on the nurs e, otherwise there is the possibility that it can hurt his self-respect. From the collected information nurse should interpret type of daily activities in which he need support, most important activity for him, sequences of activities he required, is there any other better way to perform his activities, what difference would be there in his earlier activities and planned activities, whether it would really give advantage, relief and satisfaction to him by assisting him in his daily activities. Nurse should discuss this plan with Johann and understand his view on this plan. This discussion would help to make conclusions of exact requirement of the Johann in his daily activities and possibility to amend and improve the plan according his comfort without affecting his dignity. Nurse should set some definitive goal for Johann for his ADL performance (Brnnstrm et al., 1991; Carpenter et al., 2006; Ciro, 2014). This goal should be for making him comfortable in daily activities by physical ly helping him, giving him moral boost to perform activities, so that he can build his self-confidence and time plan should be set in stepwise manner like there should be his satisfaction, comfort and improvement in few activities in first week and others in month. Assistance was provided to Johann in terms of transfer within his home, dressing, eating, toilet use, and personal hygiene (Morris et al., 1999). These activities were divided into independent eating, supervision transfer within the home eating, limited assistance personal hygiene and extensive assistance toilet use and dressing. These activities were evaluated after set time points like one week and month. In case of transfer within the home and eating there was improvement in the one month as compared to the first week. At the end of the month, Johann didnt required supervision as nurse got confidence that he can move within the home and eat without assistance without any discomfort. There was also improvement in t he limited assistance task of personal hygiene. In first week, Johann required little assistance for brushing tooth and bathing. However, at the end of the month, he was able to it under supervision without assistance. Extensive assistance tasks such as toilet use and dressing didnt exhibited improvement in at the end of one month (Charles et al., 2007). I was thrilled and excited to assist Johann in his daily activities. I learned that management of patient in terms of non-medicine management is more challenging than management of patients with medicine management. I understood that, in the management of patient with non-medicine management like to assist in ADL is not completely textbook and academic dependent, however it was more related to experience and understanding skills about others conditions and problems. In this case, I got more confidence about my capability of handling non-medicine management of the patient. Fall and injury risk: Second care priority identified was increased fall and injury risk. Johann Silvermann is 77 years old having Parkinson's disease and he is staying alone in his two- storey home. Old people are more prone to fall due to their physical and psychological conditions. Johann has to perform all his activities on his own and in recent times he is not comfortable of doing routine work also. Moreover, as he is staying in two-storey home there is the possibility of fall. Fall and injury of Johann can have both negative and positive impacts. In terms of negative impacts due to the fall, he can have serious injuries and as he is staying alone, there is possibility that his fall remains unnoticed and proper management of injuries is not possible in time. On the other hand, fall can have positive impact also. Johann can learn from the fall and he can be more careful to prevent the fall (Kozak-Campbell and Hughes, 1996). Nursing management can be the best choice for the management of fall and injury of Johann (Tanner, 2006; Dalton et al., 2015; Levett-Jones et al., 2010; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Nurse should understand that Johann is old, staying alone and he is having difficulties in doing his routine work. To know more about the fall condition of the Johann, nurse should collect information from him about his fall, she should go through all his previous reports to find out information about fall, and nurse should check previous medications for fall. After collecting the information, nurse should interpret his condition and understands the reasons for his fall. Nurse should avoid irrelevant information like fall due to the performing task beyond the capabilities. Nurse should relate fall during normal task and fall during performing task beyond the capabilities. Nurse should evaluate fall risk of Johann through shingle leg stance test and timed up and (TUG) test (Whitney et al., 2005; Deandrea et al., 2010; Phelan et al., 2015). Nurse should make inferences from the current situation and the previous evidence that fall during the normal task or daily activities is a serious problem in case of Johann. Nurse should set goals of one month to prevent fall of Johann. Nurse should plan for exercise, administration of high dose of vitamin, withdrawal or reduced frequency of medications for Parkinson's disease and use of body protectors. Nurse should assign exercise for Johann daily for 15 minutes to maintain balance of the body. Nurse should start administering high dose of vitamin D for one month. Frequency of administration of medications for Parkinson's disease to the Johann should be reduced for one month. Johann should be provided with body protectors like hip, elbow protectors while doing daily activities and at the time of toilet use. After the completion of each task, nurse should evaluate the outcome. In case of exercise, after initiating exercise fall frequency was evalu ated after one week and it was observed that there was no fall within this week. During the administration of vitamin D for the period of one month, there were two falls occurred in the first 15 days, however there was no fall in the next 15 days of vitamin D administration. In case of withdrawal of medications of Parkinson's disease also three falls happen in the first 15 days of medicine withdrawal and in next 15 days there was no fall. After the body protector use, there was no injury observed for Johann in one month period (Hill et al., 2008; Bell et al., 2012). In this case of fall and injury management of Johann, I learned to manage both medicine and non-medicine management of the patient in same case. I understood that giving confidence to the patient is very important to see improvement in his condition. Conclusion: Clinical reasoning was applied in the two priority areas like impact on ADL performance and increased fall and injury risk in Johann Silvermann . While applying clinical reasoning, nurse made clinical conclusion by from information gathered, evidences available, made decisions based on instinct and pattern recognition. Nurse applied rational methodology by collecting cues, processing the information, making decision, planning and implementing the management strategy, evaluating the result and reflecting on the learning process. It has been observed that application of Millers functional consequences theory framework and Levett-Jones clinical reasoning proved successful in managing the condition of the patient. References: Bell, J.S., Blacker, N., Edwards, S., et al. (2012). Osteoporosis-pharmacological prevention and management in older people. Australian Family Physician, 41, 1108. Brnnstrm, B., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., Winblad, B. (1991). ADL performance and dependency on nursing care in patients with hip fractures and acute confusion in a task allocation care system. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 1, 3-11. Carpenter, G.I., Hastie, C.L., Morris, J.N., Fries, B. E., Ankri, J. (2006). Measuring change in activities of daily living in nursing home residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatrics , 6(7), DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-6-7. Charles, P.D., Shen, R., Chen, M., Sherman, M. (2007). Evaluating nursing home performance indicators: An illustration exploring the impact of facilities on ADL change. The Gerontologist, 47(5), 683-689. Ciro, C.A. (2014). Maximizing ADL Performance to facilitate aging in place for people with Dementia. Nursing Clinics, 49(2), 157169. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to flip the enrolled nurse curriculum. Australian Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 33(2), 28-34. Deandrea, S., Lucenteforte, E., Bravi, F., Foschi, R., La Vecchia, C., Negri, E. (2010). Risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology, 21, 65868. Elstein, A. and Bordage, J. (1991). Psychology of clinical reasoning. In: Dowie, J., Elstein, A. (Eds.), Professional Judgment: A Reader in Clinical Decision-Making. Cambridge University Press, New York. Hill, K.D., Moore, K.J., Dorevitch, M.I., Day, L, M. (2008). Effectiveness of falls clinics: an evaluation of outcomes and client adherence to recommended interventions. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 6008. Kozak-Campbell, C., and Hughes, A.M. (1996). The use of functional consequences theory in acutely confused hospitalized elderly. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 22(1), 27-36. Levett-Jones, T., Sundin, D., Mark, B., Hague, K., et al. (2010). Learning to think like a nurse. HNE Handover For Nurses And Midwives, 3(1), 15-20. Levett-Jones, T, Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S.Y., et al. (2010). The 'five rights' of clinical reasoning: an educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients. Nurse Education Today, 30(6), 515-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.020. Morris, J.N., Fries, B. E., Morris, S. A., (1999). Scaling ADLs within the MDS. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences,54A,M174-M182. Phelan, E.A., Mahoney, J. E., Voit, J. C., Stevens, J.A. (2015). Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings. Medical Clinics of North America, 99(2), 281293. Tanner, C.A. (2006). Thinking like a nurse: A research-based model of clinical judgment in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 45(6), 204-211. Thompson, C. and Dowding, D. (2002). Clinical Decision Making and Judgement in Nursing. Churchill Livingstone, Sydney. Whitney, S.L., Wrisley, D.M., Marchetti, G.F., Gee, M.A., Redfern, M.S., Furman, J.M. (2005). Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand Test. Physical Therapy, 85(10), 1034-45.

Infection Control Essays - Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases

Infection Control Part I: Infection Control Sara King Bryant Stratton College AHLT 230: Medical Laboratory Cheryl Nickerson FNP-BC May 23, 2013 In the medical field/profession it is important to maintain asepsis as it is critical to the health and safety for both patients and health-care professionals. Asepsis, a condition free from germs, infection and any form of life, (Davis, 2005, p.196). Using the proper aseptic precautions medical assistants can help prevent the spread of disease by causing a break in the infection cycle. Such proper precautions include the proper hand washing, utilizing the proper personal protective equipment (PPE), and the use of techniques in disinfecting and sterilization. The most common use of asepsis would be the washing of hands that a medical assistant does on a regular basis in-between patients, will reduce the risk of a patient catching something such as a cold from a previous patient that was already seen. PPE include the use of latex gloves, gowns, eye goggles will help protect the MA from coming in contact with bodily fluids like urine and saliva that could have an infected bacteria. As we can see the infection cycle can-not be stopped permanently but it can be slowed down. This diagram shows six steps however the reading material assigned for the class has only five step. In order for an infection to occur there must be certain elements involved and all must be present for the cycle to work. There are five elements in the infection cycle: (1) reservoir host, (2) means of exit, (3) means of transmission, (4) means of entrance and (5) susceptible host, (Booth, Whicker, Wyman and Wright, 2011, p.670). The reservoir host can be classified as either an insect, animal or a human that is capable of getting a pathogen growth. A pathogen is what invades the reservoir host and is where the infection cycle begins. The next step of this awful cycle is when the infection has exited the carriers body. This can be passed by a number of ways such as the mouth, nose, eyes and ears as well as bodily fluid like blood or blood from open wounds. After the infection leaves the host by exiting it then has to find a way of transmission. When transmission occurs it can be done in two ways, direct or indirect from one host to another. Direct transmission happens when it im mediately leaves the main host by coming in contact with an infected person or by a discharge, such as saliva, from an infected person, (Booth, et al, 2011, p.670). Indirect transmission can only be done if the pathogens are able to leave on their own and then the pathogens can only survive if a new host encounters it. There are six ways of means for transmission: (1) airborne, (2) blood borne, (3) during a pregnancy, (4) foodborne, (5) vector-borne and (6) touching, (Booth et al, 2011, p.670-671). Once the pathogen finds a means of transmission it then has to find an entrance in-order to enter into the next host. The pathogen can actually enter the same way of the means of exiting. The last step of this cycle is that the pathogen found a new susceptible host where it may or may not keep the infection going for a repeat. There are five agents of infection that cause us to be sick: viruses, bacteria, fungi, prions and helminths. Viruses can be in many different forms, pathogens that live inside a cell, and once it has infected a host it can multiply. Example, chickenpox (varicella) with an incubation period of seven to twenty-one days as its very contagious. This viral infection in when the hosts body is covered in an itchy-red rash and the bumps the turn into fluid like blister that will break and scab over during the incubation time frame, (Booth et al, 2011, p.660). Not only do viruses infect cells, bacteria can make us just as sick when it hits various parts of the body by infecting the tissues in those areas. Illnesses are caused by bacteria infections but can be treated when given the correct antibiotics for that illness you may have. Diphtheria is one type of bacteria and it affects mainly the nose, throat and larynx. This

The Dogs of War and All Quiet on the Western Front essays

The Dogs of War and All Quiet on the Western Front essays "In one part of our being, a thousand years. By the animal instinct that is awakened in is we are led and protected. It is not conscious; it is far quicker, much more sure, less fallible, than consciousness. One cannot explain it"(56). On the battlefield of any war, past or present one would think any soldier had felt that sense of survival at one point or another. This could be named impulse acted on by fear, nervousness, or as the quote defined it, instinct in violence. The very descriptive violence in the book is one of the large clues that tell us Erich Maria Remarque, the author, is telling us some of the events he had to go through when he served in the war. Other wise it would have been another boring war novel of which classes could be spared the time. These points in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, can be greatly explained and identified. When confronted with his survival, this instinct can drive a man to do anything for survival, even turn his senses and behavior into a wilder state of human evolution. One of the strongest themes in the book is that war makes man inhuman when confronted by violence and, or in war. From the author's point of view, soldiers were often compared to various non-living objects, that were inhuman. "The soldiers are often compared to coins of different provinces that are melted down, and now they bear the same stamp."(236) Remarque thinks that the soldier's mind-state has been changed from when they were schoolboys, the stamp being the mark of the soldier, changing them forever. Also, soldiers are compared with "automatons" or more commonly referred to as robots. In a reminder of all soldiers of either side had to go through and witness without the traumatizing violence and gore one would not have much understood this point. To a country or at least in charge, the soldiers are no more than this: inanimate devices of war or pawns. Remarque uses this analogy to give the impression that ...

Recycling as a Mandatory Process Research Paper

Recycling as a Mandatory Process - Research Paper Example Among the top concerns in environmental pollution involve proper waste disposal and management among every citizen and the authorities that govern them since litter generated by humans is the primary cause of pollution (Ferrara and Missios 222-223). Every day, tons of garbage is being collected in every city all over the world. All kinds of wastes coming from household consumption and industrial by-products are dumped in landfills, segregated, incarcerated, recycled or worse, discarded anywhere. Emergent concerns for municipal waste generation and disposal are rapidly increasing mainly because of the public awareness in the effects of waste generation to the environment, specifically its contribution to climate change and water and air contamination. Government as well as its citizens is now hesitant in creating new landfills and incineration facilities for fear of ground water contagion brought by toxic chemicals in industrial and electronic wastes. Municipal wastes are also swellin g at a fast rate as a result of higher incomes, increase use of durable materials and packaging. Definitely the pollution that wastes carries to the environment is imminent and the impact to environmental pressures from household will probably build up in the following two decades (OECDa 82-83). Nevertheless, the issue of recycling or going green has been widely encouraged, from reusing glass and plastic bottles to utilizing old as cleaning materials in the house. In order to minimize trash, people are taught to reprocess, reuse, reutilize and recondition materials that can beneficial in saving the environment from pollutants. In 2005, household waste alone generated over 75% of municipal waste in key countries like Korea, Germany, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Slovak Republic, Luxembourg, Denmark and Spain. Each household with one person accumulates two bags of mixed trash every week while households with three persons accrue an average of 3.2 bags. To a ddress the situation, local government units created policies that will lessen waste generation such as imposing fees based on volume of garbage and minimizing the frequency of collection. Studies show that households tend to lessen waste generation by 7.11% upon the implementation of volume-based fees. On the other hand, it has been observed that mixed waste generation decreases as the frequency of garbage collection also decreases. However, the figures gathered from these policies are not significant; consequently the need for recycling is also essential to resolve the issue (Ferrara and Missios 223-230). According to the Organisation of Economic Co-Operation and Development, Household consumption patterns and behavior have a profound effect on stocks of natural resources and the quality of the environment. As a consequence, governments have introduced a wide variety to encourage people to take environmental impacts into account in their purchases and practices. Recent initiatives include the phasing out of incandescent light bulbs, the introduction of energy performance labels for homes, and the provision of tax incentives to purchase alternative-fuelled vehicles (OECDa 15). In addition, the high volume of litter generated by the industrial sector is a huge concern for environmentalists. According to environmental policy analyst Linda Luther (1), the by-product

Online Network Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online Network Marketing - Essay Example In other words, it is an online community of sellers and buyers. By the year 2006, slightly more than a billion people were able to access internet throughout the world. This is the results of a survey conducted by Internet World Stats in that year (Nichols: 2007). What this means is that there is a potential market online of a billion people. This is a large pool of people who can buy or sell a product or service. It is not surprising then why there is an increase in the number of people who are establishing online network marketing businesses. The services and goods marketed online include education, consumer goods like drugs, and vehicles amongst others. This article is going to look critically at the online technologies that are used to build online network marketing. This network marketing is geared towards building online communities and promoting goods and services online. The broad objective of this study is to critically analyze of online network marketing for community building and business promotion. To this end, the study will be guided by several specific objectives: As indicated earlier, more than a billion people around the world were already online by the year 2006 (Nichols: 2007). This number has continued to grow over the years, and it will not be far fetched right now to say that internet usage will hit the two billion mark by the end of 2010 (Foucault: 2009). This translates to a market of two billion people out there. People access the internet for several purposes; there are those who use it for communication, as a form of social media. These are the ones who use emails and social networks like Facebook and Twitter (Wilson: 2009). When selling or promoting products and services online, most people first recruits sales representatives and agents online (Bashir: 2009). The advantage of online networking is that the sales representatives can be recruited from anywhere in the world, unlike the traditional offline networking where they have to come from a certain geographical location. These agents are then encouraged to recruit others. The commission accrued by these agents reduces as one goes down the ladder, with the owner of the organization getting the lion's share. These agents are the ones who are in charge of selling the particular service or product that the company deals with. They recruit a consumer base, still online. The agents and the producer forms what is called a virtual organization (Irwin: 2007). The consumers, together with the virtual organization, forms the online community that is brought together by the particular good or service that is been sold. In order to create this community, promotion is needed. The producer creates his presence on the internet. This he can do by creating his own website domain. He then goes ahead and recruits the agents, who access his domain for details. These agents then use several means to recruit consumers. They may advertise their services and products on other sites related to their line of business. When the

Understanding Of Sociological Concepts And Theories Sociology Essay

Understanding Of Sociological Concepts And Theories Sociology Essay This essay will demonstrate the knowledge and understanding of sociological concepts and theories related to health, illness and health care. It will also look and explain the historical and contemporary patterns of inequality in health and illness. It will also critically discuss why some people are healthier than others. It will also Discuss insight of sociological methods of research discovery and evaluate the relevant data. Sociology of health is the study between different ethnic groups and individuals in human society. The twentieth century has witnessed a rise in life expectancy for people that live in industrialized countries compared to other parts of the world the standards of health and wellbeing are quite high. Research has shown that certain groups of people tend to enjoy a much healthier life style than others. Theses health inequalities appear to be in the larger socioeconomic patterns. Sociologists have attempted to explain the link between health and the variation in social class, gender, race, age and location (Giddens 2001). Research on class and health has shown a pattern between death and illness and an individuals social class. There have been two nationwide studies on health in the United Kingdom one of theses being The Black Report in 1980 (Giddens 2001). The Black Report, was commissioned by the government to look at data on health inequalities and to make recommendation for policy and research, which focused largely on materialist explanation of health inequality. The report emphasised the need for an all- inclusive anti-poverty policy and for improvement in education in order to reduce health inequalities (Macintyre 1997). Studies show that poverty can be bad for your health. Areas of the country with above average numbers of people dying young, that is before 65, are generally poor urban areas. Glasgow, London and many of the biggest cities in the North of England stand out in particular. Suicide rates amongst young men are four times higher amongst those with no known occupation compared to those in Social Class 1. People on low incomes are more likely to suffer episodes of serious depression. (BBC News 1999) In a speech on 27 March 1977 the then Secretary of State for Social Services stated: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The crude differences in mortality rates between the various social classes are worrying. To take the extreme example, in 1971 the death rate for adult men in social class V (unskilled workers) was nearly twice that of adult men in social class I (professional workers) even when account has been taken of the different age structure of the 2 classes. When you look at death rates for specific diseases the gap is even wider. For examples for tuberculosis the death rate in social class V is 10 times that for social class I; for bronchitis it was 5 times as high and for lung cancer and stomach cancer 3 times as high. Social class differences in mortality begin at birth. In 1971 neo-natal death rates deaths within the first month of life were twice as high for the children of fathers in social class V as they were in social class I. Death rates for the post-neo-natal period from one month up to one year were nearly 5 times higher in social class V than in social class I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The first step towards remedial action is to put together what is already known about the problem à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is a major challenge for the next 10 or more years to try to narrow the gap in health standards between different social classes. Many cultures have different health and cultural beliefs such as in the Asian ethnic groups believe that the extended family have influence on individuals; the oldest male is the decision maker and spokesman. Stacy (1988) stated that various cultural social and economic factors all of which have their own roots in the eighteenth century Biomedical is one of the ways to understanding health and illness in the western cultures, but also being accepted not only by doctors but also by none professional. There is general agreement among contributors that there are a number of important characteristics Nettleton (1995.5) describes some examples these being Mid -body dualism which is accepting that the mind and the body can be treated with two different things, Mechanical metaphor looks at the theory of which that the body is a machine, Biomedical is described as reductionist in that there are tendency to reduce all explanations to the physical working of the body. All cultures have a known concept of physical health and illness, but most of what is recognized as medicine is a consequence of development in western society over the past three centuries. Premodern cultures, the family was the main institution coping with illness and disease. There have always been people who believe that you can be healed by different remedi es such as physical and magical in the non- western cultures throughout the world (Giddens 2001). The Bio-medical model there are three main theorys on why the bio-medical model of health is predicted. First disease is seen as a breakdown within the human body that diverts it from its normal state of being The germ theory of disease, second is the mind and body are able to be treated separately and the third being doctors who have been trained and are experts in treating illness and disease (Giddens 2001). Critics to this model say that the effectiveness of scientific medicine overrated. In spite of the prestige that modern medicine has acquired, improvement in overall health can be attributed far more too social and environmental changes than to medical skill. Effective sanitation, better nutrition and improved sewerage and hygiene were more influential particularly in reducing the rates of infant deaths and young people (Mc Keown 1979). Other critics like Ivan Illich (1976) states that modern medicine has done more harm than good.

American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler

Contained in this essay is a business history for one of the first motor vehicle assemblers in the United States. Several aspects of the company and the entire industry would be discussed herein.The company’s organizational structure was at that time hierarchically arranged, with lower management and job levels reporting to top ones—all the way to corporate governance.The company had a 5000-labor force; most were located in the assembling facilities as assemblers. Marketing employees were scattered all over the country and therefore gave the company a national outlook. Other than employees, the company had a network of associates that provided vital services and support.Like many other motor vehicle assemblers in the United States, this one, too, was initially located in Detroit, Michigan (Robert, 2005, p. 96). Among the reasons for locating in the Midwest was high concentration of various parts suppliers in the region, which helped reduce the cost of transporting to ot her areas. In addition, the high concentration of vehicle part makers and assemblers resulted to development of highly skilled population, whose employment increased company productivity.The three resources needed to run the vehicle assembler included parts and accessories, skilled labor and energy. All three components were widely available in the region and in abidance. In addition, company founders understood that increased demand for respective products would call for more of the three inputs and therefore chose to locate in Detroit, a city famed for its ability to provide industrial environmental support to motor assemblers (Nelson & Stephen, 2001, p. 147).As mentioned earlier, parts and accessories were sourced from independent suppliers although the company was manufacturing some. Labor was readily available and the company embarked on retraining employees as a way of improving assembling skills. Power was bought from independent producers who had proved reliable on that fron t.The initial capital to start the business was $650 Million that was raised from banks and share offering. The company founders first embarked on seeking bank loan on which they raised about $250 Million. The industry’s potential to create money for investors led to several wealthy individuals seeking to provide capital for the company, on which another $150 Million was realized. These amount was however not enough capital, which led to founders floating shares in New York Stock Exchange. Investors from all walks of life applied for the stock. In fact, company shares were over subscribed by over 100 percent.The final products (motor vehicles) were supplied to customers through company owned dealerships in major cities (Stephen, 2003, p. 54). The company was also encouraging individual entrepreneurs to establish own outlets to market company products.Discounts and other incentives resulted to establishment of privately owned dealership all over the country, and thus gave the company a national outlook. The company was finally able to reach its target market—all Americans hungry of enjoying the newly found mobility (Haruhito & Kazuo, 1995, p. 108).The motor vehicles were competitively priced in order to appeal to the target market. To publicize the products and create differentiation from competitors, the company was undertaking campaign tours throughout the country; privately owned dealerships were provided with assistance in marketing around respective jurisdictions.Despite the many benefits of mobility provided by motor vehicle, the company and the entire industry were concerned with fatal accidents, which resulted to legal considerations on assemblers’ liability (David, 2004, p. 18). Industry participants thus embarked on warning customers on the dangers and the need to be careful when operating motor vehicles.ReferencesDavid, A. (2004). The Genesis of American Mass Vehicle Production. Baltimore: JHU.Haruhito, S. & Kazuo W. (1995). Ford ism Transformed. New York: OUP.Nelson, L. & Stephen, M. (2001). On the Line. Urbana: UoI.Robert, A. (2005). History of   US Auto Industry. Albany: SUNNY.Stephen, M.   (2003). Competition Management in US Auto Industry. Albany:   SUNNY.

The Dishonesty of Honest People

Focus on two mechanisms that people employ to maintain their positive self-concept: digitization and attention to standards. 2. Overview of Theory and Hypothesis Theory†. The theory of self-concept maintenance suggests that people typically act dishonestly and achieve external benefits from said acts, but only to the extent that their behavior stills allows them to maintain a positive view of themselves in terms of being honest. Hypothesis: The stuffs main hypothesis stems from the theory of self- concept maintenance (explained above). People facing this motivational dilemma – gaining from cheating vs.. Maintaining a positive self-concept as honest individuals – tend to solve it adaptively by finding a balance between he two motivating forces. They do so in order to acquire some financial benefit from behaving dishonestly while still maintaining their positive self- concept. 1 . The band of acceptable dishonesty is limited by internal reward considerations. 2. The size of this band depends on one's ability to categorize actions as something other than dishonest, as well as the attention that they pay to their standards for honesty at the time of the dishonest act.Although there may be many ways to find such a compromise, the study focuses on two particular means; categorization and attention to standards. Categorization: The study explains, ‘When this mechanism is activated, people can categorize their actions in more compatible terms, find rationalizations for their actions, and ultimately avoid triggering any negative self-signals that might affect their self-concept, which will therefore not get updated†. Two important aspects of categorization are its relative ease and its limit. The exact ease/difficult of an act is typically defined by its context.The study uses the following example – â€Å"Intuition suggests that it is easier to steal a OIC pencil from a friend than to teal OIC out of this friend's wallet to buy a pencil, because the former scenario offers more possibilities to categorize the action in terms that are compatible with friendship (he took a pencil from me once; this is what friends do). † It also suggests that one's ability to categorize acts has a limit beyond which people can no longer deny their obvious wrongdoings. The study seeks to define said threshold.Attention to Standards: When people are mindful Of their own moral standards any dishonest action is more likely to be reflected in their self- concept (they will update their self-concept as a consequence of their actions), which in turn will cause them to adhere to a stricter definition of an honest and a dishonest act. However, when individuals are not mindful of their own moral standards their actions are not measured relative to them, and therefore their self-concept is less likely to be updated, and their behavior is likely to diverge from their standards.Thus, the attention to standards mechanism predicts that in cases in which ones moral standards are more accessible, people will have to confront the meaning of their actions more readily and therefore be more honest. SUMMARY PHI: Dishonesty will increase as individuals pay less attention to their own standards for honesty. PH: Dishonesty will increase when individuals face situations that are more easily categorized in honesty-compatible terms. PH: Given the opportunity to be dishonest, individuals will be dishonest up to a level that does not force them to update their self-concept. . Overview of Methodology Experiment 1: Moral Reminder Two hundred twenty-nine students participated in this experiment, which consisted of a two-task paradigm as part of a broader experimental session with multiple, unrelated paper-and-pencil tasks that appeared together in a toilet. 1 . In the first task, respondents were asked to either write down the names of 10 books they had read in high school (no moral reminder) or the Ten Commandments (moral remind er). They had two minutes to complete this task. . In the second task each student received two sheets of paper: a test sheet and an answer sheet. The test sheet consisted of 20 matrices. Participants had four minutes in which to find two numbers per matrix that added up to 10. Experiment 2: Honor Code Two hundred seven students participated in this experiment. Two factors between participants were manipulated: the amount earned per correctly loved matrix (ICC and $2) and the attention to standards (control, recycle, recycle+honor code). 1.The control and recycle conditions were identical to those in the previous experiment, except this time, the experimenter paid each participant, and the task lasted five minutes. 2. The recycle+honor code condition was similar to the recycle condition except that respondents were asked to sign a statement appearing at the top of the test sheet that read: â€Å"l understand that this short survey falls under Mitt's [Yale's] honor system†; be low the statement, participants printed and signed their names.Thus, the nor code statement appeared on the same sheet as the matrices, and this sheet was recycled before participants submitted their answer sheets. Experiment 3: Token Exchange Four hundred fifty students participated in this experiment. Participants had five minutes to complete this task and were promised SOC for each correctly solved matrix. Three be;en-subjects conditions were used: the control and recycle conditions that we used in Experiment 2, and a recycle+token condition.The latter condition was similar to the recycle condition, except that participants knew that each correctly solved matrix would earn them 1 ken, which they would exchange for ICC a few seconds later. When the five minutes ended, participants in the recycle+token condition recycled their test sheet and submitted only their answer sheet to an experimenter, who gave them the corresponding number of tokens. Participants then went to a second exp erimenter, who exchanged the tokens for money (this experimenter also paid the participants in the control and recycle conditions).Experiment 4: Four-Task Paradigm Forty-four students participated in this experiment, which consisted of a four- task paradigm-?a matrix task, a personality test, a prediction task, and a second matrix task. 1 . Matrix 1: The same control and recycle conditions Of the matrix task from Experiment 2 were repeated. Participants randomly assigned to either of these two conditions had five minutes to complete the task and received SOC per correctly solved matrix.The only difference from Experiment 2 was that all participants (notes those in the recycle condition) were asked to report how many matrices they had solved correctly. Participants in the control condition submitted both the test and the answer sheets to the experimenter, who verified their answers. Those in the recycle notation recycle their test and just handed in their answers. 2. Personality Test : 10-item tests were handed out, and embedded in these tests was two questions related to self-definition as it relates to honesty.One question asked how honest a person they considered themselves to be on a scale from O (not at all) to 100 (very). The other question asked participants how they thought of themselves at the time of the survey in contrast to the day before in terms of being a moral person on a scale from -5 (much worse) to 5 (much better). 3. Prediction Task: Participants would next participate in a second vive-minute matrix task. Before taking part in it their task was to predict how many matrices they would be able to solve and indicate how confident they were with their predictions on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 100 (very).Before making these predictions, it was made clear to participants that the next matrix task left no room to over-claim as the experimenter would check the results. Furthermore, participants were informed that this second test would consist of a different set of matrices, and the payment would depend on both the accuracy of their prediction and their performance. If their prediction was 00% accurate, they would earn ICC per correctly solved matrix, but for each matrix they solved more or less than what they predicted, their payment per matrix would be reduced by C.The experimenter emphasized that this payment scheme meant that it was in their best interests to be as accurate as possible in their predictions and to solve as many matrices as they could. 4. Matrix 2: The final task was the matrix task (as in the control condition) with a different set of numbers. The entire experiment thus represented a two- condition, between-subjects design, differing only in the first matrix task possibility to cheat).The three remaining tasks (a personality test, a prediction task, and a second matrix task) were the same for all participants. Experiment 5 One hundred eight students participated in this experiment. Two factors were manip ulated between participants: the ability to cheat (control and recycle, as in Experiments 2 and 3) and beliefs about the number of matrices that the average student solves in the time allotted (four matrices, which is the accurate number, or eight matrices which was an exaggeration).As before, the DVD was the number of matrices reported solved. Experiment 6 This experiment entailed multiple, small sessions, in which each participant sat in a private booth (total of 326 participants). The first part of the procedure remained the same for all four conditions, but the second part varied. All participants received a test with 50 multiple-choice, general knowledge questions, had 15 minutes to answer the questions, and were promised OIC for each question they solve correctly.After the 15 minutes, participants received a â€Å"bubble sheet' onto which to transfer their answers. The manipulation of the four conditions pertained to the type of bubble sheet ND to what participants had to do with it after transferring their answers. 1 Control: Participants received a standard bubble sheet. When they finished transferring their answers, they handed both the test and the bubble sheet to the experimenter who checked their answers, summed the number of correct answers, and paid them. 2.No-recycle (first cheating condition): The bubble sheet had the correct answers pre-marked, which prompted a dilemma for participants when they faced a question they had answered incorrectly on their test sheet; they could be honest and mark the corresponding incorrect ricer on the bubble sheet or be dishonest and mark the correct circle. After participants finished transferring their answers, they summed up the number of their correct answers, wrote that number at the top of the bubble sheet, and handed both the test and the bubble sheet to the experimenter, who paid them according to their self-summed score.In this condition, subjects could cheat with some risk that the experimenter might d iscover it if she compared the test to the bubble sheet. 3. Recycle (second cheating condition): This condition was similar to the no-recycle condition, with the preference that participants were instructed, after transferring their answers to the pre-marked bubble sheet, to walk to a shredder, shred their original test sheet, and take only the bubble sheet to the experimenter, at which point they would be paid accordingly. Because of the shredding, this condition offered a lower probability of being caught cheating. 4.Recycle+ (third cheating condition): This condition decreased the probability of being caught even further by instructing participants to shred both their test sheet and the bubble sheet, walk over to a large jar with money at the corner of the room, ND take the amount they earned. In addition, by making the payment â€Å"self; service†, the recycle+ condition eliminated any interactions with the experimenter, thereby decreasing social concerns with cheating. 4 . Main Findings 1. Given the opportunity, people will engage in dishonest behaviors. 2. Increasing attention to internal honesty standards decreases the tendency for dishonesty. . Allowing more flexible categorization increases the tendency for dishonesty. 4. The magnitude of dishonesty is largely insensitive to either the expected external benefits or costs associated with dishonest acts. 5. People know that their actions are dishonest but do not update their self- concepts. 5. Application Economics: â€Å"The theory we propose can in principle be incorporated into economic models. Some formalization related to our theory appears in recent economic theories of utility minimization based on models of self-signaling (Abdomen and Propel 2001 ) and identity (Bnabob and Triple 2004, 2006).These recent approaches convey a slowly spreading conviction among economists that to study moral and social norms, altruism, reciprocity, or antisocial behavior, we must understand the underlying psy chological titivation that vary endogenously with the environment. These models can be adopted to account for self-concept maintenance by incorporating categorization and attention: increasing attention to personal standards for honesty (meta-utility function and salience parameter s 1, respectively) and flexibility for categorization (interpretation function and probability 1-0, respectively).The data presented herein offer further guidance on the development of such models. In our minds, the interplay between these formal models and the empirical evidence we provide represents a fruitful and promising research direction. Psychology: â€Å"Some insights regarding the functional from in which the external and internal rewards work together emerge from the data, and these findings also could provide useful paths for further investigations in both economics and psychology. For example, the results in Experiment 6 showed that increasing the level of external costs (probability of bein g caught) did not decrease the level of dishonesty.This finding raises the possibility of a relationship that appears like a step function in which dishonesty up to a certain level is trivial, but beyond that threshold, it takes on a more serious, ND costly, meaning. † 6. Limitations of Research 1 . Arguably, at some point at which the external rewards become very high, they should tempt the person sufficiently to prevail (because the reward is much larger than the internal costs), such that ultimately behavior would be largely influenced by external rewards. 2.Another important applied speculation involves the medium experiment. As society moves away from cash, and electronic exchanges become more prevalent, mediums are rapidly increasing in the economy. Again, if we take the results at face value, we should pay particular attention to dishonesty in hose new mediums (e. G. , backdating stocks), because they provide opportunities for under-the-radar dishonesty. Another interes ting observation is that the medium experiment did not only allow people to cheat more, but it also increased the level of maximal cheating.In the medium experiment we observed 24 participants who cheated maximally, which indicated that the tokens not only allowed people to elevate their acceptable magnitude of dishonesty but also liberated some participants from the shackles of their morality altogether. â€Å"When we consider the applied implications of these results, we must emphasize that our findings stem from experiments not with criminals but with students at elite universities, people who likely will play important roles in the advancement of this country and who seem a lot like us and others we know.The prevalence of dishonesty among these people and the finding that on an individual level, the magnitude of dishonesty was typically somewhat honest rather than completely dishonest suggests that we have tapped into what common, everyday behavior is about. As Gladstone and Ch in (1993) conclude, people seem to be moral relativists in their everyday lives.

End of Module Project Free Essay Example, 1750 words

This game is so popular that it has sold 12 million copies throughout the world. Microsoft’s acquisition of Mojang, at a cost of $2.5 billion USD, is expected to provide Microsoft with billions upon billions of dollars in revenue. Sony, the producer of the Playstation console, is not effectively exploiting similar, potential acquisitions to improve its reputation in the gaming industry. Sony has long maintained a very autocratic organisational structure, founded on traditional Japanese values, where there is considerable power distance between managers and subordinates, which limits team-working and shared decision-making that is so critical for innovation production and development. This hierarchy-driven model asserts the importance of employee compliance to policy and regulations whilst also building a culture of risk avoidance. In fact, Japanese companies often demand in-depth feasibility reports be constructed before even making small-scale decisions, as part of risk mitigation focus. Macko and Tyszka (2009) iterates that the most successful firms must be willing to absorb potential risks to take advantage of opportunities when they present themselves. Sony, in order to improve its revenues and its diminishing brand reputation as an innovator, maintains an organisational goal of decentralising Sony Corporation to facilitate a culture of innovation that will imp rove the firm’s market reputation and more effectively position against Sharp, Microsoft and Sony as a market pioneer. We will write a custom essay sample on End of Module Project or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is critical for Sony to achieve profitability after years of massive financial losses. 2. Analysis of firm strengths and weaknesses Sony does maintain several strengths that could contribute to the ability to become a market innovator and build a new reputation for pioneering products. The firm maintains a very well-recognised brand identity throughout the globe in many, many foreign and domestic markets. This gives the firm moderate brand equity and Kotler and Keller (2007) suggest that this can equate to higher revenues as compared to firms without strong brand recognition. Sony also maintains significant production capabilities that can facilitate rapid product prototyping and production. Coupled with internal staff expertise in various areas of specialised knowledge (i. e. technology, design and marketing), the firm is positioned for potential exploitation of the innovation process. The firm’s main weaknesses is the highly-autocratic management structure that is still part of the Sony Corporation business model worldwide.