Elasmotherium Facts and Figures

The largest of all the prehistoric rhinoceroses of the Pleistocene epoch, Elasmotherium was a truly massive piece of megafauna, and all the more imposing thanks to its thick, shaggy coat of fur (this mammal was closely related to the contemporary Coelodonta, also known as the woolly rhino) and the huge horn on the end of its snout. This horn, which was made of keratin (the same protein as human hair), may have reached five or six feet in length, and was likely a sexually selected characteristic, males with bigger horns able to better attract females during mating season. For all its size, bulk and presumed aggressiveness, though, Elasmotherium was still a relatively gentle herbivore--and one well-adapted to eating grass rather than leaves or shrubs, as evidenced by its almost comically heavy, flat teeth and lack of characteristic incisors. Elasmotherium consists of three species. E. caucasicum, as you can infer by its name, was discovered in the Caucasus region of central Asia in the early 20th century; almost a century later, in 2004, some of these specimens were reclassified as E. chaprovicum. The third species, E. sibiricum, is known from various Siberian and Russian fossils excavated in the early 19th century. Elasmotherium and its various species appear to have evolved from another, earlier elasmothere mammal of Eurasia, Sinotherium, which also lived during the late Pliocene epoch. As to the exact relationship of Elasmotherium to modern rhinoceroses, it appears to have been an intermediate form; rhino wouldnt necessarily be the first association a time traveler would make when glimpsing this beast for the first time! Since Elasmotherium survived up to the cusp of the modern era, only going extinct after the last Ice Age, it was well known to the early human settlers of Eurasia--and may well have inspired the Unicorn legend. (See 10 Mythical Beasts Inspired by Prehistoric Animals.) Stories of a mythical horned beast vaguely resembling Elasmotherium, and called the Indrik, can be found in medieval Russian literature, and a similar animal is referenced in ancient texts from Indian and Persian civilizations; one Chinese scroll refers to a quadruped with the body of a deer, the tail of a cow, the head of a sheep, the limbs of a horse, the hooves of a cow, and a big horn. Quite possibly, these stories were imported into medieval European culture via translation by monks or word of mouth by travelers, thus giving birth to what we know today as the one-horned Unicorn (which, granted, resembles a horse much more than it does a rhinoceros!) Name: Elasmotherium (Greek for plated beast); pronounced eh-LAZZ-moe-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 3-4 tons Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; thick coat of fur; long, single horn on snout

Critically Consider Biological Explanations of...

The term ‘schizophrenia covers a group of serious psychotic disorders characterised by a loss of contact with reality. It comes from two Greek words: schiz meaning ‘split and phren meaning ‘mind. DSM IV (1994) estimate that the occurrence rate of schizophrenia ranges from 0.2%-2.0% worldwide. There are two main explanations of schizophrenia: the biological explanations and the psychological explanations. In this essay I will critically consider the biological explanations. These include genetics, neurochemistry, brain structure and evolution. Genetic factors of schizophrenia can be explained using studies on twins and studies on family history. With twin studies researchers want to establish the degree of concordance. This is†¦show more content†¦There was a large difference in the incidence of schizophrenia when they were adults between the two groups. The group with schizophrenic mothers were found to have a 10.3% chance of being schizophrenic and the g roup with non-schizophrenic mothers were found to have only a 1.1% chance of being schizophrenic. Kety et al. (1978) examined early-age Danish adoptees matched on gender and age. 50% of these adoptees were diagnosed as schizophrenic and 50% were not. They found that the incidence of schizophrenia was greater among the biological relatives of those with schizophrenia than those without. This is expected if genetic factors are important. They also found that the rate of schizophrenia was no different for adoptive families who had adopted a child who became schizophrenic compared to those who had adopted a child that did not become schizophrenic. This therefore suggests that environment is of little importance. However Kety et al.s (1978) study is criticised due to the fact that they drew their adoptees from 1924-1947 and gathered their statistics from a time-span of over 70 years. 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Reasons That Lead Teenagers To Alcohol Abuse And T Essay Example For Students

Reasons That Lead Teenagers To Alcohol Abuse And T Essay heir Causes Alcohol abuse is one of the biggest drug problems and issues facing Americas youth today. Teen alcoholism is a one of the main issues concerning almost all communities, families and schools in America today. There are three main reasons that can lead a teenager to drink alcohol without taking into consideration its causes. Stress, peer pressure and media are these reasons. . The first reason teens drink is because of stress. Nowadays, teens are under tremendous stress such as school and family. For example, School stress can be caused by trying to fit in and consequently being accepted by their peers. Another reason for their stress can be attributed to bad grades. Family stress can come from families being divorced. The constant fighting or arguing in the home could make it uncomfortable for teens and in order to handle these situations, these teens turn to alcohol. Alcohol helps them escape from these problems. In addition, alcohol makes teens feel good and happy, which gives them a break from their problems. They feel that the only way for them to escape is the bottle. Therefore, they drink because it helps them escape from reality or cope with stress that can be very cruel for some teens. The second reason teens drink is due to peer pressure. Peer pressure can especially be seen in parties where mostly everyone drinks. This creates pressure on the teen because if he or she does not drink, the teen would become an outsider and consequently, they drink to belong. Many times, teens drink at parties to be accepted by the others. For example, teens would drink beer at parties and pretend that they like it even when they do not like the taste of it. They have the beer to be in the right crowd. The third reason for teens to alcohol abuse is the media and poor labeling. In todays advertisements, whether they are on billboards or on television commercials, portray a message that can create confusion. The message that they are trying to get across is that drinking make everyone cool like the people on the commercial. Media gives the message that happy, important and beautiful people drink and that if one does not drink; he or she is not cool. Poor labeling also leads to alcohol abuse among teenagers. Many teens cannot distinguish alcohol from nonalcoholic beverages because they can appear similar on store shelves. For example, stores keep their sparkling water next to the wine cooler. Alcohol causes various health problems among young people and can lead to serious health consequences. Alcohol can cause aches and pains to be lessened therefore illnesses may go undetected because the symptoms have disappeared. Also, It can cause students to be absent from school frequently. However, this a small cause compared to the others which can include date rape, violence which can lead to even death. Alcohol causes a persons judgment and reflexes to slow down. One of the most common scenarios is in driving. Drinking and driving is the number one killer in America. A person may also do things he would not normally do because his ability to reason may be reduced. In conclusion alcohol affects many teenagers lives as well as their future. Too many teens are currently drinking and alcoholism is on the rise. The disease is spreading and something must be done to solve this problem. Schools, churches as well as the alcohol industry must work together to solve this problem. They must create a curriculum which will teach teenagers to resist alcohol. .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .postImageUrl , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:hover , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:visited , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:active { border:0!important; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:active , .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548 .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1379e56e2d5c7c58ba2667c716a38548:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Career Development through International Mobility Essay Say no to alcohol drink! .

Red Spots Markets Company free essay sample

How should Fosdick respond to the immediate situation? Fosdick had faced the pilferage fact at the workplace. He was the witness as clerks were walking with opened cases of sweeties, mustards, cheese, soft drinks, bread and etc. His reaction to the pilferage fact should definitely be clear and hard. He should express his surprise to these circumstances and show the disapproval of the fact by refusing the sandwich. Otherwise his decision to accept the sandwich would make him the participant of the pilferage. What controls might have been used by Red Spot Markets to reduce or eliminate the problems discussed in the case? The problem expressed in the case seems to be serious. One troublemaker involves almost the whole group of employees into the pilferage. The more terrible is that he tries to legitimize the fact like normal. To address properly this critical situation, the Red Spots needs to take corrective actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Spots Markets Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First of all it needs to clearly articulate work rules to avoid employee engaging from unproductive and potentially disruptive work, but that isn’t still enough. To be effective the rules must be enforced. For that reason the company should communicate, enforce those rules, establish the closer control on workers and suspense any precedent of pilferage. Question N3 What longer-range steps should Fosdick take to control the operations of the  Providence  distribution center? Reading this case Bigellow seems to be the real leader in the warehouse rather anyone else. He is the person who sets the work pace in the warehouse: ,,When he felt good things hummed; when he was not feeling well or absent work dragged†. Considering these circumstances there’re much and heavy work Fosdick needs to arrange for long-term. The situation should be changed thoroughly as Tom Bigellow shouldn’t be the person who dictates rules. Fosdick should implement the proper management style and system so his manager authority should be upward rather Bigellow’s and everyone else. Question N4 What longer-range steps should Fosdick take to improve the  Providence  distribution center’s productivity? As we assume the one troublemaker involves almost the whole group of employees into the pilferage act. That’s why the worker productivity becomes lower and shrinkage appears higher respectively. Fosdick should keep himself awake and help establish the pilferage disclosure and productivity measure mechanisms. But unless Bigellow sets the rules and encourages others to disorder nothing seems to be changed. I don’t see the point why this person should be kept by the company if he arranges such problems and is the direct reason of worker productivity shrinkage. Question N5 What longer-range steps can Fosdick take to reduce the distribution center’s high rate of shrinkage? While reading the case I have such sense that company has no any proper mechanisms to react against disorder, despite the fact is obvious. Fosdick needs to alert and ensure that no any shrinkage would be endured any more. Moreover he should encourage employees not to get involved in destructive act by suggesting bonuses or other incentives as the reward in exchange of honest workers. To sum up, Fosdick needs to ensure proper supervising, disclosure and reward mechanisms to reduce the high rate of shrinkage. Question N6 Assume that Fosdick decides that the practice of free lunches from the open cases of goods must be stopped. Develop and present arguments he should give in a meeting with a union shop steward. First of all the practice of free lunch without permission is theft referred as pilferage-employee theft. That’s why the shrinkage rate is higher in the warehouse and employee productivity lowers respectively. Besides, throughput per worker hour is detected to be 4% lower than in Newburg warehouse. That’s why the Providence center is associated to be the more problematic and costly warehouse. As the reasons are important it requires immediate reaction, control and correction not to get worse even more. Question N7 Assume, instead, that you are the union shop steward. Develop and present your argument that the free lunches represent a long-standing employee benefit enjoyed by the distribution center’s employees, and that management’s attempt to stop them is a breach of an unwritten contract and will be resisted Free lunches have some advantages too. First of all, employees don’t spend money in meal and it is more motivational factor for them. Also, they don’t have to go outside; they can eat inside the company and save time. Moreover, all workers will eat together that helps to communicate, share ideas, problems and to become a friendly work group, where everybody will have same vision and goals Question N8 Much of the situation described in the case seems to revolve around the personality of T. D. Bigelow. How should he be treated? Why? For us Bigellow is very complicated person that agitates people toward disorder and pilferage. Despite his ability to get employees to work I think that he should be fired. There’re dozens of other reasons supporting our decision: Spotty attendance; Doesn’t work if he’s not on the right mood-tired or irritable; He might even sleep without carelessly during the heavy and busiest work hours; All these facts indicate to his personality as irresponsible and careless employee. Respectively, Fosdick should establish his strong management authority and replace him as far by bearing Bigellow’s caprices the company legitimizes irrelevant behavior that might become the reason of self-destruction.